2782-6333 1 1 2021 1-138

EDI RUS 6-13 R-6983-2016 57204420947 0000-0002-9953-6619 Peter the Great St.Petersburg Polytechnic University, Saint-Petersburg, Russia Rudskaia rudskaya_ia@spbstu.ru

Polytechnicheskaya 29

A-9693-2017 56087793300 0000-0002-1254-0464 Peter the Great St.Petersburg Polytechnic University, Saint-Petersburg, Russia Rodionov Dmitrii drodionov@spbstu.ru

Polytechnicheskaya 29

S-8637-2017 56023272600 0000-0003-1403-3447 Peter the Great St.Petersburg Polytechnic University, Saint-Petersburg, Russia Kudryavtseva Tatiana kudryavtseva_tyu@spbstu.ru

Polytechnicheskaya 29

S-8668-2017 57194696524 orcid.org/0000-0001-7171-7357 Peter the Great St.Petersburg Polytechnic University, Saint-Petersburg, Russia Skhvediani Angi shvediani_ae@spbstu.ru

Polytechnicheskaya 29

SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT AND ENGINEERING ECONOMICS Environmental issues are currently a topic of interest throughout the world. Regarding further development of the world’s socio-economic systems, we must not forget that development is accompanied by additional negative impact that may endanger the lives of future generations. In response to this danger, the Sustainable Development Goals developed by the UN are a kind of call to action to improve the well-being of and to protect our planet. The purpose of the Sustainable Development and Engineering Economics (SDEE) journal is to collect and systematise the opinions of authors and their advanced research in the field of sustainable development of countries, regions and organisations, as well as any related innovative technologies and engineering solutions. The journal consists of four sections, each of which contributes to the Sustainable Development Goals. The SDEE will allow the international scientific community to contribute to the solutions to global problems, even those in distant locations. 10.48554/SDEE.2021.1.1 338 sustainable development engineering economics SDG https://sustainable.spbstu.ru/article/2021.1.1/ 1_1.pdf

RAR RUS 15-32 Peter the Great St.Petersburg Polytechnic University, Saint-Petersburg, Russia Suloeva Svetlana

Polytechnicheskaya 29

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5563-5773 The National Research University Higher School of Economics, Moscow, Russia Grishunin Sergey https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3310-6074 Peter the Great St.Petersburg Polytechnic University, Saint-Petersburg, Russia Burova Ekaterina

Polytechnicheskaya 29

DEVELOPMENT OF A SYSTEM-SYNERGETIC APPROACH TO COST MANAGEMENT FOR A HIGH-TECH INDUSTRIAL ENTERPRISE This study develops a system-synergetic approach to cost management and a mechanism for its implementation in high-tech industrial enterprises. The relevance of the study is determined by the dominant role of the high-tech industrial sector in developing national economies and the increasing impact of costs on the performance of enterprises. The aim of the study is to eliminate methodological, functional, and systemic problems in cost management for high-tech industrial enterprises. In the study, the features of the function of high-tech industrial enterprises were determined, the approach to cost management for enterprises was proposed, and the cost management mechanism, including the description of the stages, was developed. The works of foreign and Russian researchers in cost management, risk management, and enterprise economics are the theoretical and methodological basis of the study. The authors propose a system-synergetic approach based on the systematisation of existing approaches to cost management. The following tools were used to develop a cost management mechanism: (1) a cost model of the company’s profitability in terms of cash flow, (2) statistical data analysis, (3) a bow tie diagram to identify risk factors by key cost drivers, (4) simulation modelling using the Monte Carlo method, (5) a graph of accumulated profitability in terms of cash flow, and (6) a graph of strategic well-being by periods to trace the decline in profitability as innovative products lose their innovative nature. In comparison with existing approaches, the approach proposed in the study considers the specifics of a high-tech industrial enterprise and considers it as a complex open system operating under conditions of uncertainty and under the influence of external and internal risks on the cost management system. The cost management mechanism, based on the system-synergetic approach, calculates the profitability of an enterprise by cash flow, determines the target price of innovative products, analyses the impact of risks on key cost factors and their parameters, considers the correlations between risks, and calculates the expected level of profitability of innovative products under risk conditions. These advantages make the cost management process dynamic, responding to new threats and changes in the external and internal environment of the enterprise. 10.48554/SDEE.2021.1.2 332.02 system-synergetic approach cost management high-tech industrial enterprise key cost drivers risk factors https://sustainable.spbstu.ru/article/2021.1.2/ 1_2.pdf

RAR RUS 34-53 R-6983-2016 57204420947 0000-0002-9953-6619 Peter the Great St.Petersburg Polytechnic University, Saint-Petersburg, Russia Rudskaia rudskaya_ia@spbstu.ru

Polytechnicheskaya 29

Peter the Great St.Petersburg Polytechnic University, Saint-Petersburg, Russia Tereshko Ekaterina

Polytechnicheskaya 29

Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy Dejaco Mario Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy Pastori Sofia VALIDATION OF FACTORS FOR ASSESSING THE DIGITAL POTENTIAL OF THE REGIONAL CONSTRUCTION COMPLEX AS A BASIS FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT It seems promising and relevant to consider digital processes of industries and complexes in the context of the digital transformation of a region, which encourages the region’s sustainable development. Due to the digitalisation of the construction complex of a region we can evaluate the digital infrastructure development at the design and production stage (i.e. from the design documentation to the commissioning of facilities). The basis for the digitalisation of the construction complex is BIM technologies, which should be transferred from the micro level to the meso level (the level of a municipality or region) and later to the macro level (the level of the entire country). The study aimed to analyse and estimate groups of quantitative factors that characterise the digital potential of the construction complex. The research methods included quantitative and qualitative analysis. A comparative analysis of factors (i.e. indexes and rankings) was performed, and the groups of factors were ranked to determine whether regions are ready to digitalise the construction complex. This was done in accordance with expert assessments based on the results of a survey. The study compared the previously identified quantitative and qualitative factors with each other in order to eliminate duplication of the components of the qualitative factors, such as indices and ratings. Consequently, a necessary and sufficient sample of the factors was formed. This sample can be further used to correctly rank the degree to which Russian regions are prepared to digitalise the construction complex. To rank the factors to measure their importance and significance, the survey was conducted by groups: 1) socio-economic conditions for industry digitalisation; 2) development of science and innovation in the regions; 3) development of the construction complex in the regions; and 4) development of digital technologies in the regions. Based on the survey, the selected factors were ranked, particularly by groups. The results of this study can be used to refine the ranking of the regions’ degree of readiness for the digitalisation of the construction complex as well as to determine the effectiveness of the ranking. 10.48554/SDEE.2021.1.3 332.02 digital economy digital potential sustainable development regional development construction complex BIM technologies https://sustainable.spbstu.ru/article/2021.1.3/ 1_3.pdf

RAR RUS 54-79 0000-0001-8469-2427 Tallinn University of Technology, Tallinn, Estonia Durst Susanne Susanne.durst@taltech.ee

Ehitajate tee 5, 19086

Tallinn University of Technology, Tallinn, Estonia Asl Matin Tallinn University of Technology, Tallinn, Estonia Hammoda Basel Tallinn University of Technology, Tallinn, Estonia Nguyen Diem SUSTAINABLE BUSINESS MODELS AND SMALL- AND MEDIUM-SIZED ENTERPRISES – A LITERATURE REVIEW Recent developments show that an increasing number of organisations, regardless of type and size, understand that there is a need for them to make an active contribution to society, both socially and environmentally, while maintaining their financial profitability. It is no longer possible to waste resources and ignore the expectations of both internal and external stakeholders. To address these developments, all organisations are required to adapt their business models. Against this background, this paper provides a systematic review of the extant research on sustainable business models (SBMs) in small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) to establish the current body of knowledge and, on this basis, to suggest some promising avenues for future research. Given the impact of SMEs on the majority of economies and their consequent role in addressing present and future societal challenges, there is a clear justification for this study. The review of 85 refereed articles shows that, although a good body of knowledge about the topic has been developed during the period covered in this study, there is still a need for further rigorous research. It appears that certain shortcomings, stressed by some researchers in the past, still prevail. The study’s findings advance the current understanding of SBMs in SMEs and highlight several promising research avenues that scholars who are interested in the study of SBMs, in general, and SBMs in SMEs, in particular, might address. 10.48554/SDEE.2021.1.4 65.012.12 sustainable business models business models sustainable development small firms SMEs systematic literature review https://sustainable.spbstu.ru/article/2021.1.4/ 1_4.pdf

RAR RUS 81-95 Peter the Great St.Petersburg Polytechnic University, Saint-Petersburg, Russia Gutman Svetlana BALANCE SCOREBOARD FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT IN THE RUSSIAN ARCTIC ZONE This article carries out a comparative analysis of the modified structures of the classical system of balanced scorecards of domestic and foreign authors. The necessity of using the tool of balanced scorecards to manage the development strategy of socio-economic systems (SES) has been substantiated. This tool was the methodological basis of the research in the development of a system of indicators for assessing the sustainable development of socio-economic systems of the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation (shipbuilding cluster, Arkhangelsk region). Strategic maps have been developed for the Arkhangelsk region and the Cluster of Shipbuilding and Production of Marine Equipment of the Arkhangelsk region association, reflecting the main strategic objectives for the four perspectives (components). At the first stage of the process of forming a strategic map of the shipbuilding cluster, four adapted components were proposed: the financial component, the environmental component, the domestic and external market, and development and modernisation. Four additional adapted components for the Arkhangelsk region were proposed: the region’s well-being, the ecological component, the economic component, learning and development. For each strategic goal, indicators were developed to assess the progress of achievement, based on which a balanced scorecard system was developed for the cluster and the region. This system reflects an interconnected set of indices of sustainable development for each level. These indices can be used to evaluate and monitor the results of the implementation of relevant strategies and to study the relationship between the sustainable development of the Arkhangelsk region and the activities of the Cluster of Shipbuilding and Production of Marine Equipment of the Arkhangelsk region association. 10.48554/SDEE.2021.1.5 330.34 balanced scorecard (BSC) modified BSC models sustainable development shipbuilding cluster Arkhangelsk region strategic map https://sustainable.spbstu.ru/article/2021.1.5/ 1_5.pdf

RAR RUS 96-112 Georgian Technical University, Tbilisi, Georgia Magradze Tengiz

380075, st. Merab Kostava, 77

ANALYSIS OF TERRITORY ENERGY SECURITY IN THE CONTEXT OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT (CASE OF GEORGIA) The topicality of energy security (EnS) issues is confirmed by the unstable energy situation in the macroeconomic space. Countries with low energy potential risk losing autonomy. The development of methods for conducting EnS analysis will become an effective tool for reducing such negative threats. The goal of this research is to build a toolkit for the analysis of EnS for territories. To do this, it is proposed to consider the Energy Trilemma Index (ETI), to work out a methodology for assessing the level of EnS and to build a regression model of dependence of the obtained values on the selected economic parameters. The scientific novelty of the proposed toolkit lies in development of a methodology that allows the comparison of the EnS level of different territories and the identification of “influence-factors”. The developed tools were tested on the case of Georgia, for which EnS issues are a national priority. As a result of the test, the trend of reduction in Georgia’s level of EnS (from 0.772 in 2008 to 0.705 in 2018) was revealed, and Georgia’s dependence on the state of import-exports was substantiated. The findings show the viability of the model and the possibility of adapting it to other territories. The importance of the problem of maintaining EnS is growing today due to the need to ensure the sustainable development of territories at different levels. In this context, the expansion of scientific and applied knowledge in this area is aligning with the interests of regional economies and the world community. 10.48554/SDEE.2021.1.6 330.34 energy security energy economics innovative energy sustainable development energy sustainability regional economy https://sustainable.spbstu.ru/article/2021.1.6/ 1_6_nov.pdf

RAR RUS 114-138 A-9693-2017 56087793300 0000-0002-1254-0464 Peter the Great St.Petersburg Polytechnic University, Saint-Petersburg, Russia Rodionov Dmitrii drodionov@spbstu.ru

Polytechnicheskaya 29

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3511-7228 Peter the Great St.Petersburg Polytechnic University, Saint-Petersburg, Russia Alferyev Dmitrii

Polytechnicheskaya 29

Vologda Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences (VolRC RAS), Vologda, Russia Klimova Yuliya "Kainar" Academy, Republic of Kazakhstan Alpysbayev Kaisar CLUSTERING OF TERRITORIAL OBJECTS IN THE MANAGEMENT OF THEIR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT It is necessary to understand the nature of spatial territorial socio-economic objects in order for them to have an effective influence on the implementation of measures intended to increase the living standards of the population that resides there. To achieve this, they must be correctly identified amongst a general set of objects. In this regard, the purpose of this work is to develop a tool for territorial clustering. Science is one of the engines of socio-economic progress through which innovations are implemented. Hence, we test the clustering of territorial objects (regions of Russia) in relation to statistical financial cost data for science in terms of their relationship with wages and incomes of the population, the GRP (Gross Regional Product) and innovation activity. The main tool used for cluster analysis is the perceptron mathematical model, the features of which we describe in detail in this work. It follows from its characteristic features that it divides a studied population in a manner that allows for the possibility to simulate the increasing or decreasing dynamics of one quantity’s dependence on another. The study develops a universal algorithm for the purpose of territorial cluster analysis, which is proven in the construction of the final models of dependence (paired linear regression) of the indicators identified in the work, whose coefficient of determination is primarily 0.8. In our conclusion, we indicate possible options for the further development of this study, both with respect to the technical aspects of refining and improving the algorithm as well as within the framework of a more detailed analysis of the identified regression patterns using the example of statistical data of Russian reality in relation to science and the level of life quality. 10.48554/SDEE.2021.1.7 332.14 clustering perceptron spatial economics modelling of economic processes econometric analysis science and innovation https://sustainable.spbstu.ru/article/2021.1.7/ 1_7.pdf