The relevance of this study is underscored by the intellectualisation of industrial and business processes, the growth of the knowledge intensity of products, and the increased complexity of organisational interaction between economic entities. This study aims to formulate the concept and assess the structural capital of an innovation industrial cluster on the basis of the developed methodology. The object of the study is the structural capital of the innovation industrial cluster “Development of information technologies, radioelectronics, instrumentation, and means of communication and infotelecommunications of Saint Petersburg”. Using various research methods, including observation, surveys, questionnaires, analysis, synthesis, and mathematical modelling, the study focuses on the process of assessing the structural capital of the innovation industrial cluster. This paper presents a study of the types of intellectual capital of an innovation industrial cluster that analysed the internal and external environment of the cluster. We designed a methodology for assessing the structural capital of the innovation industrial cluster and assessed the structural capital of the innovation industrial cluster, providing recommendations for its development based on the study’s findings. Future research should focus on the development of theoretical, methodological, and practical provisions for assessing the capital of innovation industrial clusters. Insights from this study can inform management decisions in innovation clusters and enterprises when evaluating intellectual property.